Which of the following would be considered a protective factor?

• A. Sedentary lifestyle
• B. Tobacco use
• C. Regular physical activity
• D. High sugar intake

Answer: (C)

Protective factors are behaviors or conditions that reduce risk and promote health. Regular physical activity is a classic protective factor because it strengthens the heart and lungs, helps maintain a healthy weight, lowers blood pressure and improves insulin sensitivity, and supports mental well-being. These effects collectively lower the risk of many chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, stroke, type 2 diabetes, and some cancers, and can improve sleep and mood. The other options describe factors that increase risk: a sedentary lifestyle is linked to obesity and metabolic problems; tobacco use greatly raises risks for cancers, respiratory and cardiovascular diseases; high sugar intake contributes to obesity, diabetes, and metabolic issues. So engaging in regular physical activity best fits the idea of a protective factor.