Which model of health includes the Ottawa Charter?

• A. Social Model of health (including the Ottawa Charter)
• B. Old Public Health
• C. Biomedical Approach
• D. Economic Model

Answer: (A)

The Ottawa Charter is a foundational piece of health promotion that sits with the Social Model of Health. It reframes health as something created through policies, environments, communities, and personal skills—addressing social, economic, and environmental determinants rather than just biology. The Charter lays out five action areas (healthy public policy, supportive environments, community action, personal skills, and reorienting health services), illustrating a broad, intersectoral approach to health. That broad, action-focused view is why it belongs to the Social Model of Health, not the biomedical or purely economic models, which concentrate on treatment or cost perspectives rather than promotion and determinants.