Which factor is a key social determinant affecting Indigenous health outcomes?

• A. Genetics alone.
• B. Poverty and discrimination.
• C. Access to luxury goods.
• D. Seasonal weather.

Answer: (B)

Social determinants shape Indigenous health outcomes, and poverty and discrimination stand out as major drivers. Poverty limits access to decent housing, nutritious food, education, and timely healthcare, while discrimination and racism create chronic stress, erode trust in health services, and lead to delays in seeking care. These factors collectively worsen chronic disease risk, mental health, and overall well‑being and can affect multiple generations. Genetics contribute to health, but they don’t explain these broad disparities, and factors like access to luxury goods or seasonal weather don’t systematically drive population health differences. Addressing poverty and discrimination through equitable policies and culturally safe care is key to improving Indigenous health outcomes.